SSA Benefits
See, generally, ssa.gov/pubs/EN-05-10133.pdf
VA Benefits
Veterans may lose their VA benefits if they become incarcerated. For incarcerated veterans, a reduction or complete loss of benefits is determined by the crime committed and the resulting prison sentence, e.g. whether the offense was a felony or misdemeanor. Benefits commonly affected by a prison sentence include educational as well as disability entitlements. See, generally, benefits.va.gov/persona/veteran-incarcerated.asp
VA Disability Compensation
VA disability compensation payments are reduced if a veteran is convicted of a felony and imprisoned for more than 60 days. Veterans rated 20 percent or more are limited to the 10 percent disability rate. For a veteran whose disability rating is 10 percent, the payment is reduced by one-half. These payments may be collected again following a release from prison depending on the severity of the service-connected disability at that time.
VA Pension
Unlike disability compensation, a VA pension will be lost completely regardless of the crime committed and the accompanying sentence. Payments for VA pensions will stop on the 61st day of incarceration. These payments may be collected again following a release from prison, but only if all VA eligibility requirements are met again. If a veteran fails to notify the VA of their incarceration, they may lose all VA benefits until the overpayments they received while incarcerated are recovered.
VA Apportionment to Spouse or Children
Inmates who are not receiving their benefits in prison can opt to have the payments sent to their spouse, children, or parents if they are dependents of the inmate. To receive these benefits, the individual needs of the persons who will receive the benefit will need to be established. Apportionment is not available for veterans convicted of a felony. Whoever is to receive the benefit payments, must apply to get the money from the VA, because it will not be sent automatically.
VA Education Benefits
Veterans who are incarcerated for any crime that is not a felony crime can still receive monthly education benefits. If convicted for a felony offense, then a veteran may receive only partial education benefits.